The Panama Canal Essay -- History Historical Essays

The Panama Canal In 1902, Theodore Roosevelt had a dream of a dominant America in both major oceans, connected by an American canal. With his inspiration, construction began on what has been called the largest project of any kind ever undertaken. Now that it is complete, the Panama Canal makes the world a much smaller place for ocean-going vessels of all sizes. Ideas for a canal across Panama have been in the works ever since the time the isthmus was discovered. In 1513, Vasco Nuà ±ez de Balboa crossed the 50-mile wide land bridge and claimed the water on the other side in the name of Spain. Shortly after, in 1534, a team was sent to survey possible canal routes that would follow the Chagres River, but it was deemed to be impossible to build at the time. There were no other notable instances of interest in a canal until 1848, when the California Gold Rush swept the United States. The Panama railroad was completed in 1851, and transported millions of dollars worth of gold and other riches from one sea to the next. In 1952, future president Ulysses S. Grant led the American Fourth Infantry across the isthmus and 150 of his men died of cholera in the jungle, inspiring him to commission surveys in Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama during his presidency in 1969. The survey teams, which were supervised by the Secretary of the Navy, decided that a route through Nicaragua would be the best for a transcontinental canal (www.pancanal.com). Three decades later, President McKinley’s U.S. Isthmian Canal Commission would also favor the Nicaraguan route, but for reasons which will be discussed later, the Panamanian route was ultimately chosen. The only physical attribute of Panama t... ... On December 31, 1999 the Panama Canal was handed over to the Republic of Panama, ending United States influence there for almost a century. As it always has been, the canal is to remain neutral, safe, and open to vessels from all nations for as long as it is in operation. Although the circumstances by which the construction of the canal came about were less than diplomatic, the final state of the passageway represents a free and equal ideology for mankind. Bibliography LaFeber, Walter. The Panama Canal. Oxford University Press: New York, 1978. A Man, A Plan, A Canal, Panama. A WGBH Production In Association With The British Broadcasting Corporation. WGBH Foundation: Boston, 1999. The Panama Canal. http://www.pancanal.com/eng/history/index.html. Panama Canal Authority: 2001. CanalMuseum.com. http://www.canalmuseum.com. Ared Networks: 2002.

Positive Effects Can Come From a Lower Birth Rate Essay

In the not-so-distant past, there was a world wide effort to create zero population growth. The environmental uproar in the 1970s had scientists convinced that with 4 billion or so people on that planet, Earth had reached her carrying capacity. The basic premises was that there wasn’t enough room for all the people being born and that there definitely would not be enough room when we reached 2050 and a project population of 11 billion (Cohen, 1). Though the global warming predicts had not begun yet, there were huge concerns that the planet could not produce enough food for 11 billion people and that we would be consuming resources at such an alarming rate that world would die from too many people. Flash forward thirty years and now, industrialized countries across the world are expressing concern that they may have been too hasty in their condemnation of population growth. In fact, many are downright worried about their population declines or very slow population growth. They express concern that the economy will collapse as the burden of the elderly is too great for the younger generation to support and care for. Labor leaders claim there will not be enough people to do the work that needs done and others decry the trend as the true end of the British Empire and the dominance of Western Civilization as those are the countries with declining birth rates. The simple truth is that a low birth rate can be a positive choice for the industrialized world, if considered in the right light. This paper will look at some of the factors contributing to the declining population and the effects that are likely because of a population decline. To understand how this situation developed, it is interesting to review the last 900 years of human sexuality. In his essay â€Å"Two Successive Motivations for the Declining Birth Rate in the West†, Phillippe Aries argues that since the Middle Ages, the shift in societal norms had lead to the declining birth rate. The Church enticed people to a moral stance against pre-marital sex and as the economy evolved from largely agrarian to industrial and even retail based, the large family was no longer an economic necessity (646).   In an agrarian society, children were a source of cheap labor and a financial boon to their parents. The cost of feeding and clothing them was more than made up for by their assistance in earning the family sustenance. But as societies moved away from the farm, children became an expense. Indeed, Aries writes, the trend to significantly smaller families began in the Middle Ages and continued unabated until the Baby Boom after the end of World War II (647). The trend toward smaller families was also a sign of planning and forethought. It was assumed that a smaller family could even be considered a measure of self-control and â€Å"The fewer the children, the more care and attention that could be devoted to each† (Aries, 647) As society became more mobile and people were no longer trapper in the social class that they were born in, people chose smaller families with the idea that they could provide more opportunities for that smaller family and their children would have greater economic opportunity that they did (648). In addition, in the mid-1970s concerns about overpopulation ran rampant. By the mid 1990s, they were in crisis mode.   In Science magazine in 1995, JE Cohen wrote, â€Å"Earth’s capacity to support people is determined both by natural constraints and by human choices concerning economics, environment, culture (including values and politics), and demography. Human carrying capacity is therefore dynamic and uncertain.†Ã‚   (341). Though scientists argued about what that carrying capacity might be, they warned rabidly that if the exponential population growth were not stopped the capacity would be reached in our children’s lifetime if not our own. Further complicating things was an environmental movement   that claimed deforestation to turn the land into agricultural production as causing soil erosion and pollution faster than we could imagine. If the world growth continued unabated, the population would reach that carrying capacity much sooner because the Earth would be too polluted to sustain life. Even now, in An Inconvenient Truth Nobel Prize winner Al Gore points out that trees cut down to provide grazing land for cattle are contributing to global warming because the living trees would have cut carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Though Gore does not make the leap, it is there to behold. Too many people means more land devoted to food production which means fewer trees and faster global warming. With all that in place, it is no wonder then that people chose to have smaller families or no families at all. And that is where the new scientific debate and political nightmare began. The United Nations reports that 75 percent of the industrialized nations of the world have reached zero population growth including the United States and most of Western Europe. The population of Britain is still growing at a very slow rate, largely due to immigration, but in Germany and Japan the total population has begun to decline. This has thrown social scientists into a tizzy. They complain that there will not be enough workers to take all the jobs that are needed; they claim the workers will no longer be able to meet the tax demands of their nations; and they claim that a declining number of young people will mean that there is no one around to care for the Baby Boomers as they get older.   Not surprisingly, many of these doom and gloom predictions are written by Baby Boomers. Instead, it might be nice to focus on the positive benefits of population control. A smaller population will mean simple things, like less congestion on the highways and fewer people in the one open checkout line at the grocery store. But those are the incidental effects of a lower population growth. The key benefits of a smaller population are: better access to education, less pollution and therefore less global warming, and more job opportunities. For a decade or so, Americans have been decrying overcrowding in the school systems as a factor in school performance.   In 2003, CNN reported that overcrowding was causing a boom in the temporary classroom business and states across the nation were taking steps to reduce overcrowding (CNN, 1).   With a declining birth rate in the industrialized nations, fewer children will need to be educated and the student to teacher ratio will decrease. That will lead to more individualized attention for each student and better learning opportunities. In addition, as those children get older, instead of being able to raise prices and keep students from going to college, colleges and universities will be forced to compete for students. The reality is that smaller class size throughout the educational process will mean that all students are getting a better education, not just the ones who can afford private school or the ones lucky enough to be talented an attract a teacher’s interest. Furthermore, as the population seeking a college degree decreases second-class universities with questionable accreditation will be driven out of business and the top academic talent will mass in good schools providing good educations. As simple as it sounds, another advantage of a smaller population will be less pollution. Gore’s movie and other studies of global warming indicate that one of the significant contributors to greenhouse gases are personal vehicles. If there are fewer people, there will by simple logic be fewer cars and fewer cars mean that fewer greenhouse gases are emitted. And, fewer people means less need for food, so some farmland could be returned to forest or converted from vast corporate farms to sustainable small farms which produce healthier food and fewer pollutants. The rain forest of the Amazon River Basin could be left as rain forest with no need for more cattle to feed the world’s desire for beef consumption and the demand for electricity would fall as there were fewer people using it. As the demand for electricity falls, older, fossil fuel burning electric plants could be shut down or replaced with newer, cleaner burning generation facilities. The ultimate proof of the effect that the population has on the environment can be observed today in India. â€Å"Environmental pollution is one of the serious problems faced by the people in the country. Rapid population growth, industrialization and urbanization in country are adversely affecting the environment. (Nagdeve, 2).   India has polluted its sacred rivers and begun poisoning itself, creating a severe lack of potable water because of its overpopulation.   Many of the pollution problems come quite simply from human excrement. There are insufficient sewage facilities and the sewage contaminants the ground water, leading to environmental collapse. With 1.1 billion people, India is the second most populous nation in the world and is being destroyed by its high birth rate (Nagdeve, 33). In China, the world’s largest population has become the primary source of greenhouse gases and is polluting the world at an alarming rate. Though they have instituted some population control measures, the population is so large now that until some of it dies off or moves to other areas, overcrowding and pollution, as well as poor access to resources will continue to be their plight. By far the most concerning aspect of the low-birth rate to most the industrialization nations is the impact it is likely to have on the economy. Naysayers claim the smaller populace will be unable to meet the needs of the elderly population, will be unable to meet the tax burden placed on them by their parents and grandparents and will not be able to meet the employment needs of the country.   The arguments are complicated and may have a grain of truth in them, but are not the forgone conclusion that they are assumed to be. First, there is the issue of meeting the needs of the elderly populace. This is in many ways a self-serving argument of the Baby Boom generation the reality is that in the United States, a third of the workforce is now over the age of 55. â€Å"Because of an aging population and declining growth of the labor force, human resource policies are changing. Companies are offering incentives to keep older workers working past retirement age. Older workers can sometimes replace the lack of younger employees. Opportunities like flextime, part-time, temp work, job sharing, and extended vacations are becoming more common for employees of all ages. Businesses are learning that people of all shapes, sizes, ages, colors, and backgrounds can be good workers† (Johnson, 1) Many of the Baby Boomers are living to ripe old ages and will need long term care, but it also means they are staying in the workforce longer.   And, they are better able to care for themselves than any previous generation of retirees. In addition, society has seen this short-term boom in the elderly population coming and ahs planned for it. Retirement communities and apartment complexes make care for the elderly much easier than in previous generations. Since they are all located in one area instead of being spread out in various private homes, the number of people needed to care for the elderly is greatly reduced. Second, there is the question of the tax burden, again a selfish notion of the elderly that the younger generation should have to support their Social Security needs even though it is an unrealistic expectation.   Unfortunately, instead of working as Franklin Roosevelt had planned and being a supplement to a personal retirement plan, Social Security has become the only retirement plan for many Americans and the government has continued to bail out failed retirement plan after failed retirement plan, usually due to poor fiscal planning or malfeasance on the part of those overseeing the plan. The simple reality is that the elderly cannot continue to rely on the government to meet all their needs and it is likely that in choosing to have fewer children they chose not to have the financial support of a younger generation. Aries argued that they shouldn’t need the financial support family or the government because of their decision not to have a large family.   He argued that with the money people saved by not having a family, they should be able to pay for help when they reach retirement age (Aries, 629). While this inability to deal with the tax burden is a valid concern, it can also be viewed as a great opportunity. Many people complain that the current government system is messed up and the tax plan unfair, but no one seems to be able to do anything about it.   Though a collapse of the economic structure is an extreme way to bring about change, it is a valid way and one that may have to be considered in the near future. Finally, the argument against low-birth rates is that the there will be insufficient people to work the jobs that need doing. This is perhaps the weakest argument of all. Do we really need a Starbucks on every corner and a McDonald’s two doors down?   The reality is that the economic market will correct itself.   Fewer people available to do the jobs will mean that high school and college students are able to find part-time work again and it will mean that the unemployment rate will drop. Regardless of the opportunity, there will always be some degree of unemployment either voluntary or temporary, but with greater opportunities available, more people will have better economic opportunities. Yes, some low-paying jobs may go unfilled. If that happens, the need will equate to the job growth. Like the tax issue, it will probably mean a restructuring of societal values. If more people are need in the medical field to care for the elderly and society places a higher value on that then serving coffee or flipping burgers, society will adjust to the loss of mass market coffee and fast food. After all, less than fifty years ago, fast food was barely thought of. Fast food and poor paying retail jobs were not always a vital part of the American economy and if there is a labor shortage, they might be gone again. If there is a shortage of labor, society will adjust and fill the positions that it most needs. Some economists have argued that with a smaller labor force, economies could collapse as the total productivity level of a nation is decreased, but historical analysis shows us that this too may be a made up fear and an irrational prediction. In an essay regarding the impact low birth rates will have on the economy, William H. Reid, writing for the Journal on Extension said that history shows that our most productive times in history were when the population was smaller. For example, he said, right after the Black Plague productivity in Europe skyrocketed (Reid, 1). The idea behind the increase was that people had something to work for and out of necessity worked hard to get it. He further argued that while overall productivity might be down, wages will be up as employers compete for qualified staff. That will mean that the economy will be booming. The simple truth is that zero population growth was a good idea twenty years ago and that has not changed.   The great majority of opposition to it in Europe and North America is in fact a form of xenophobia, a fear that if other parts of the world outbreed the locals, the local way of life will be destroyed. If analysts were honest and admitted to this fear, there might be more action taken on it. By hiding their fears in other â€Å"concerns†, they miss a chance for honest discourse on the effect that a huge Indian and Chinese population will have on the world. They miss the opportunity to take real action to address the overpopulation concerns of India.   Allowing more people to emigrate from overcrowded areas to less crowded areas will cut down on the demands on the resources of individual nations and improve the quality of life around the globe. However, so many areas are insular and afraid to share their land or way of life with anyone of a different culture. If the industrialized countries were at least willing to admit that, there arguments might have more standing in the world’s eyes. The reasons why the birth rate in the industrialized world is dropping are numerous and debatable.   Aries suggested that another reason why the birth rate is declining is that people no longer see a way to make the world a better place for their descendants. Whether it is a fear of nuclear annihilation or global warming, many people are concerned that the world will not be a great place for the next generation and have decided against having children (469). Others have decided to keep the money for their own happiness instead of spending it on a child and some simply wait longer than they meant to and find they unable to have children. Whatever the reasons for the declining birth rate, it is a fact of life in Europe and North America. Those nations can simply decide how to live with the consequences or, as they have in parts of Europe, take extreme action to reverse the course. In Japan and Germany where the population is already beginning to decline, the smaller population had coincided with an economic growth period. Whether this is simply coincidental is hard to tell at this point, but history seems to tell us that the chances are good that a deckling birth rate does not spell doom and gloom and the end of the world. Instead, it will like lead to a period of greater education for the average person, a cleaner environment and a booming economy. It may also lead to revolutionary thinking as the countries that have always had plenty of people to do their menial tasks have to consider other alternatives, such as an open border with Mexico so that there are more workers, or allowing a mass immigration from India, to relieve overcrowding there. Whatever the solution, it will require scientific and political minds meeting together and honestly discussing the wants and fears of Europe and North America and their desire to change them. In the end, the best consequence of a declining birth rate might be a further globalization of the world. Areas in the Far East and the Indian subcontinent with population problems will need to find more space and Europe and North America will have to find more workers. If the struggle be worked through and the prejudices and fears overcome, then the best thing that could come from a lower birth rate would be an international melting pot with everyone working together for a better planet, better economy and a better life. WORKS CITED Aries, Phillippe.†Two Successive Motivations for the Declining Birth Rate in the West† Population and Development Review > Vol. 6, No. 4 (Dec., 1980), pp. 645-650   November 20, 2007. Cohen, JE â€Å"Population growth and earth’s human carrying capacity† Science Vol.269, Issue 5222, Summer, 1995, p. 341-46. â€Å"Ending overcrowding in California Schools†Ã‚   Policylink < http://www.policylink.org/Research/SchoolOvercrowding/> November 20, 2007. Johnson, Kelly. â€Å"The Effects of a Declining Birth Rate on the Labor Force† < http://cber.cba.ua.edu/rbriefs/ab_jan98.html> November 20, 2007. Martin, Steve P. â€Å"Diverging Fertility among U.S. Women Who Delay Childbearing Past Age 30† Demography , Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov., 2000), pp. 523-533 November 20,2007. Nagdeve,   Dewaram. â€Å"Environment and Health in India†Ã‚   presented to Asian Context at Bangkok, Thailand, June 10, 2002. < http://www.iussp.org/Bangkok2002/S09Nagdeve.pdf> November 20, 2007. â€Å"Overcrowding Fuel Boom† CNN.com < http://www.cnn.com/2003/EDUCATION/06/02/classsize.portables.ap/index.html> November 20, 2007. Reid, Walter H. â€Å"Will Declining Birt Rates creates a Crisis?† Journal of Extension (Summer 1988), Vol. 26, No. 2 , November 20, 2007.   

FAHRENHEIT 911 Essay - 1158 Words

The title of quot;Fahrenheit 9/11quot; is a play on the title of the famous Ray Bradbury novel, quot;Fahrenheit 451quot; in which society has been transformed into an authoritarian, repressive regime, in which subversive ideas are crimes and books are burned. In the book, a lonely protagonist is awakened to this reality and joins the struggle to keep underground dissidence alive. In Michael Moores movie, he leads an above-ground assault on the Bush Presidency, questioning his legitimacy, his character, abilities and, most of all, his attempt to fight terror through the war in Iraq. And similarly, his method of attack is by trying to bring to light the facts that those in power have tried to suppress. Just like every Moore movie, it†¦show more content†¦And it takes on an insidious character when the misrepresentation, misinformation, and lies about weapons of mass destruction are exposed. The feeling we get is that theyre trying to paint over themselves and their policies. Moore also tries to reinforce the early image America was getting of the President, before 9/11: a man who bumbled and misspoke, whose ideas and agenda were almost none of his own doing and who, when tragedy struck, remained dumbstruck without anyone to tell him what to do. Whats most scary about the images of Bush is just how transparent it is that hes saying things he doesnt understand fully and how forced his attempts to stay on message seem. Perhaps we would all do and say stupid things if a camera followed us around all day-and Moore is an expert at finding and exploiting just these instances-but this is hardly reassuring. Moore also suggests that Bush didnt do enough to go after Bin Laden because of his family connections. The fact that the US sent in over 100,000 troops into Iraq and only 11,000 into Afghanistan to search for Bin Laden is certainly a telling statistic. But the movie labors to show business connections between Bush and Saudi Arabia, which might be relevant as one fact among many, but by spending so much time emphasizing it, it feels like an ad hominem attack: the Saudis come off looking demonized, as if it was bad to be friends with Saudis. Bushs connections are suggestive of ill-motives but do not form aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Michael Moore’s Treatment of His Subject Matter within the Documentaries Bowling for Columbine and Fahrenheit 9112328 Words   |  10 PagesAnalysis of Michael Moore’s Treatment of His Subject Matter within the Documentaries Bowling for Columbine and Fahrenheit 911 â€Å"A documentary may be as a film or television or radio programme that provides factual information about a subject. 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Personal Narrative A Sad Day - 1083 Words

A Sad Day One day it was a sunny day in Elwood, Indiana. I got up and I was sick. I was throwing up and, coughing and everything. I don’t exactly know what all happened because I was only five years old. I wanted to go see my aunt but I was sick and I was crying for her and my dad and mom was saying ok let’s go, but my other aunt was telling my dad, â€Å"No Johnny, you can’t take him over there while he is sick†, but my dad didn’t listen. He took me over there and we played with the other kids that were over there. There was me, my brother Kaden, and my other brother Kamden. I was five, my brother Kaden was four, and my brother Kamden was two. My brother Kaden and my brother Kamden decided to go swimming and they let me too. We were all just little kids and we were having fun. We all decided to go inside because we were all ready to go inside but my brother Kamden was outside and we didn’t know. 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Edgar Allan Poe s poem â€Å"A Dream Within a Dream,† is a narrative poem connect to Poe s life, poem’s physical structure, literal meaning, poetic/literary devices, and theme telling a story about someone who has loved and lost. First, Poe s life is a roller coaster that played into his poetry. Poe s lead a very

Advantages Of School Uniforms - 1095 Words

School Uniforms: The Drawbacks A young female student tears an envelope open and skims through it. The note told that the town was going to vote on whether school uniforms should be issued or not in schools. Then, she swiftly darts for her parent’s bedroom, swerving through her four siblings in the process, to alert her mother and father of the newly received letter. She worried if the town agreed to add in school uniforms, for her parents could not afford five school uniforms. Her family was on the poorer side, and they had several children. This is the case for most families; school uniforms do as much suitable as damaging. These academic suits were originally associated with the upper-class universities, and they were initially used in†¦show more content†¦Likewise, students tend to follow trends along with their fellow peers; these shifts in style allow students to fit in and enjoy the feeling of belonging somewhere. Fashion statements permit one to recognize another with some of the same inter ests based on their raiment, and such appeal may even bring two together to form friendships. When children wear clothes as they please, it may lead to new friendships between two strangers. By taking this away from students, differentiating a friend from a foe would become more difficult. Similarly, students without school uniforms tend to possess more self-confidence; this is due to one being unique and their own individual self. Whereas students in which wear uniforms to school may feel that their individualities are not suitable enough for their fellow peers along with the overall school environment. They will begin to doubt themselves and whether or not they are being the best possible version of themselves or not. With this in mind, school uniforms seem to remove a child’s freedom of expression in school. In addition, uniforms can become very expensive for parents and guardians. Each year, students flourish in size, and they may even grow out of their old uniforms; this forces mothers and fathers to buy brand new expensive uniforms for each of their children. Not only that, they also must purchase gymShow MoreRelated The Advantage of School Uniforms Essay752 Words   |  4 Pageshigh schools have successfully implemented a school uniform policy? (Isaacson, 1998) School uniforms greatly benefit both the students and faculty by creating an atmosphere in which the students are able to get the most out of their education. I believe that all students should wear school uniforms regardless of whether or not the school is public. Below are clear-cut arguments in favor of school uniforms. First, one of the chief benefits of school uniforms is their ability to make schools saferRead MoreEssay on The Advantages of School Uniforms530 Words   |  3 Pagesgood view early in the morning. That’s why the school should implement a uniform policy. Uniforms should be mandatory in school. Uniforms make the school appear more professional. Also with uniforms students won’t compare themselves with each other. Moreover uniforms can help students save time. Additionally parents won’t have to waste so much money on clothes hence will have a better budget. A major reason that schools should have uniforms is because students will get along better. TheyRead MoreEssay on Implementation of School Uniforms635 Words   |  3 PagesImplementation of School Uniforms The topic of school uniforms has been highly debated for many years. Many would think it would be the teachers versus the pupils in this debate but they would be wrong, this argument has members from both sides fighting for and against it. In this essay I will look at the topic from both sides and be un-objective in my writing. Many of the arguments made in favour of school uniforms have something to do with the safety of the school communityRead MoreShould School Uniforms Be Mandatory?918 Words   |  4 PagesShould schools have the right to make uniforms mandatory for their students? Some people don’t think so and they argue against the civil liberties that such a mandate would violate. While the opposing opposition thinks that school uniforms belong in the school system, in order to help reduce some of the issues students may face because of their clothes. Although school uniforms for students may have many negative effects, school uniforms may help with reducing the amount of distractions, thereforeRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Be Implemented Throughout K 12 Public Schools1258 Words   |  6 PagesBobby Mishra Mrs. Bezemek Apps of Comp 24 November 2014 School Uniforms According to a study done by the National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP) said that the popularity of school uniforms are clearly on the rise. Now more schools have uniforms rising from 28 percent to 49 percent in thirteen years (Tucker). School uniforms can help improve behavior leading to safer schools and safer communities. School uniforms can also lead to an increase in academic behavior leading to betterRead MoreWhat s The Whole Point Of School Uniforms?801 Words   |  4 Pagesthe whole point of school uniforms? Do we really need to spend billions of dollars on them? Let’s express our style with the clothes and the colors we wear by getting rid of school uniforms! School uniforms make the school plain and we need to express our own style, make it colorful! School uniforms don’t change the way people act, and you can still bully others. Proponents say that school uniforms are an advantage on how to judge an intruder, but opponents say that scho ol uniforms are a disadvantageRead MoreBenefits Of School Uniforms In School798 Words   |  4 PagesBeneficial Clothing for Schools Around the world, several schools require their students to wear school uniforms. Many students do not adore this idea, but do they truly know how it benefits them. Some wonder if these uniforms actually improve their learning and experiences in school. Numerous questions have arisen when schools consider this idea. The debate today is growing, as schools try to figure out how they can enhance their school. There are various improvements in school systems when they reachRead MoreSchool Uniforms And The School Uniform Policy964 Words   |  4 Pageslearning-oriented schools for their children. In 1996, President Bill Clinton challenged schools that â€Å" †¦ if it means that teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms.† (Boutelle 36). As a result, the Manual on School Uniforms was issued by the government to provide guidelines for those considering establishing a sch ool uniform policy. Ever since, proponents and opponents of mandated school uniforms haveRead MoreShould School Uniforms Be Mandated?944 Words   |  4 PagesShould School Uniforms Be Mandated in Public Schools? Educators and parents, alike, want safe, respectful learning-oriented schools for their children. In 1996, President Bill Clinton challenged schools â€Å"to teach character education, †¦ And if it means that teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms.† (Boutelle 36). As a result, the Manual on School Uniforms was issued by the government toRead MoreSchool Uniform Is Good Or Bad?966 Words   |  4 PagesSCHOOL UNIFORMS The school uniform is good or bad? This is a question debated in many schools. School uniforms have many advantages and disadvantages; it depends on the thought and opinion of each person. Some people think that school uniforms display the discipline, obedience of students and it helps students can save time in choosing the outfit every day; it helps poor students have equality with everyone in school; it helps students be distinct from other people and it makes students feel proud

Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress for Women After Spousal Emotional Abuse free essay sample

Follingstad, Rutledge, Berg, Hause, and Polek (1990) and Sackett and Sanders (1999) have stated some of the categories that took effect after one’s been abuse psychological thru critizing, ridiculing, jealous control, purposeful ignoring, threats of abandonment, threats of harm and damage to personal property which causes and have strong negative impact of emotional abuse than physical abuse. Enright and Reed has underlined the consequences of those psychological problems which are depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, low self-esteem, learned helplessness, and an ongoing debilitating resentment of the abuser. The treatment uses to heal those women is ‘Forgiveness Therapy’which uses as a problem solving respond to severe wrong doing. FT also found out these psychological emotional abuse can affect those women decision making. There are two unique challenges for recovery that Sackett amp; Saunders, 1999 have found. First â€Å"Learned Helpness† which defines that those women turn out to blame themselves for the abuse relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress for Women After Spousal Emotional Abuse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And â€Å"Accusatory Suffering† (Seagult amp; Seagult 1991) entails maintaining resentment and victim stauts. â€Å" the assumption in accusatory suffering is that healing the wounds of the abuse will somehow let the penetrator off the hook. † FT also focusing on decreasing and helping the resentful feeling toward the abusing partner and assist them to recover and develop good will. The study used 20 participant abused women who has been abused and has been divorced or permantly separate with their partner for a more or at least 2 years. Among those participants are different races, ethnicity that has some or college degrees with no or full time career jobs. Participants have been tested by using the screening checklist by using the Psychological abuse survey, the Enright forgiveness inventory, Coopersmith self-esteem inventory, State-Trait Inventory, Beck Depression inventory, Environmental Mastery Scale Reed instrument, the PTSS checklists, and Story measure.

Modern Poetry/Other cultures Essay Example

Modern Poetry/Other cultures Essay There appears to be overlapping themes running through these poems. Identify the symmetry and divergence, explaining how the poets have used language to emphasise their message. After studying the two poems named . 38 and The Hangman it has become clear to me that they are both very well written, good, effective poems. The two poems both have short, sharp, attention grabbing titles. Both titles are death related and eye catching, although The Hangman is an actual person who takes lives but the .38 is the name of an object, which takes lives. But you could also see the Hangman as a type of object as he comes across that he just easily takes peoples lives every day and does not care, and does it as if he is a weapon. Not all readers of the poems will know what a .38 is though, until they read further on into the poem where has The Hangman is a title where everyone knows what it is So thats one difference between the two. My opinion as having the .38 as the title is that its a good idea because people want to read it so see what its about. And The Hangman as a title is eye catching too because its interesting and you know its about a person so you want to read about that person. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Poetry/Other cultures specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Poetry/Other cultures specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Poetry/Other cultures specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the .38 the narrator is unknown, The sentences begin with I hear, I could be anybody but the poem is about a man beating his wife, the narrator (the witness) knows this has happened before I know this because the first line says I hear the man downstairs slapping the hell out of his stupid wife again again indicating that it has happened before. It says that he hears the wife begging for mercy as if this man beating her has power over her. The narrator says out of his stupid wife which tells us that the man hitting her is in fact her husband. The narrator is unknown, but whoever they are they cannot help. This may mean they are a baby, the narrator could be a baby in another room who can only hear this entire thing going on but not be able to shout out about it or intervene. But it might also mean that the person is in fact in threat themselves if they intervene, they could even be tied up and gagged but there is definitely a reason why they cannot intervene. The narrator is upstairs from them at first, but then the women flees upstairs to get away from the man, we known this because it says I hear her fleeing from the room, I hear them running upstairs, I hear her outside my door So why? Why cant that person help if they are only a door away, I feel its because that person is in danger or maybe to scared to speak out. The poem most probably takes place in a house because they start off downstairs and then go upstairs where there are more rooms. So this is a domestic violence. A wife-husband kind of violence. The poem runs through quickly with short sentences, there are no full stops so the poem is read straight through very quickly, it has a rhythm like a heartbeat which sounds excited and builds up tension. There is no punctuation also I noticed at the end all the lines are longer and they seem to make everything feel like its slow motion. In both poems the narrator is unknown and we have no idea of who they are. They are both witnesses to an event taking place and they both become victims. In both poems the narrators can not speak out either, they both know what is going to happen and just wait for it to come. In the .38 they also use repetitive techniques that makes the poem sound better, in the poem the poet repeats the words my door From line 9 to 13 it explains how close to his door they are. I hear her outside my door I hear him coming towards my door I hear her banging on my door I hear him bang her head on my door I hear him trying to drag her away from my door They keep repeating that they are by the witnesses door to make it clear just how close this is all going on to the witness. And to make it kind of frightening. And scary knowing that such a horrible person was really close to the witness and makes the reader wonder whether they are going to get involved with the event. The thing which makes it worse is that they are so close to the witness but for some reason the witness cannot help, this could be because they fear their own lives. Towards the end of the poem the witness (narrator) knows that he is going to die. Thats why I think he is tied up because he cannot help that could be because he was tied up and could not move, also he knew he was going to die but what give him the impression? I think it was because he was tied up and as the man got closer he knew he was coming for him and that he would not live. In the poem the sentences then changed. They get very descriptive about the gun for example: I hear the click of the thirty eight before the firing pin hits the bullet I hear the loud blast of the powder exploding in the chamber of the .38 I hear the heavy lead nose of the bullet swiftly cutting its way through the barrel of the .38 They say it in detail so you can picture what is happening it makes it feel real and makes you feel like your there. The whole poem was written in present tense so the things were said as it was happening it made the poem more realistic and made it feel like you were there. The poem is written to build up tension with death as the climax. If the poem were written in past tense it wouldnt have been so good. Because it was written in present tense it built up tension waiting for what was going to happen next and the poem was written to make it feel like it was real. The second poem The Hangman is also very effective. The title is short and tells us straight away what the poem is going to be about unlike the .38 . We know straight away what the poem is going to be about. It is about a man who hangs people for a living. The poem starts off talking about the hangman coming to town and setting up a frame to hang people off when he carries out his job. The towns people are scared of the hangman and dont want him in their town. They do not know who is going to be killed next and are scared. The narrator of the poem witnesses all of the hangings but he will not speak out or try to help any of the people, we dont know why either this is similar to the poem .38 I think that the reason the narrator will not speak out about his opinions of the killings because he fears his life will be taken and he will be hung too. I later read in the poem that someone got hung because they spoke out about their views too. From the poem we can get some idea of what the hangman is like In the first verse it says: into our town the hangman came smelling of gold and blood and fame This is a good description of the hangman even though it is impossible to smell of gold, blood and fame. I think the author of the poem wrote that to describe the feelings the hangman gave out. When people see the hangman they all know who he is straight away and what he was there for. This explains why fame is used to describe him. Also whenever the hangman was seen people would automatically think of death, blood because they knew his job was to hang people. Basically he was paid to commit murder. He took lives. He gives out a cold feeling of death and blood. People relate gold to him because the hangman was paid to kill, paid to hang, and he would probably of had a lot of money as he carried out quite along of hangings. I think the hangman has a cool and calm attitude towards life, I dont think he minds hanging people, its almost as if he is not a real person with real feelings, as if he is immune to feeling upset and sad about death. He seems more an instrument of death than a murderer. It says in the poem Twinkle in his buckshot eye Almost as if he is excited about his job, the twinkle indicates a tiny part of excitement, he has eyes like buckshot led, and they seem scary with no life in them almost as if the hangman is a cold person with no feelings. But it seems like he doesnt actually want to hurt the people he hangs its almost as if the hanging is his job and its physical. Not emotional to him. There is a line in the poem that discusses how the hangman does his job: As the hangman prepared with an expert twist, the yellow rope in his busy fist This line tells me the hangman prepared with an expert twist, expert because he is an expert in doing this, he has done this so many times for all the different people he hangs. He seems confident in doing his work and he cant stop moving his hands Like as if he is excited about hanging his next victim. In the hangman the towns people asked For whom you raise the gallows tree? The hangman replies: He who serves me best But the towns people dont really have much idea what he is talking about they are confused, but too scared to speak out. I feel that the reason the people did not speak out is because they feared for their own safety. I have found that there are many links between the two poems Both poems are death related and violent they both involve physical abuse, and killings. In the .38 the title is attention grabbing like the hangman, the titles both tell the reasons that death occurs in the poem. In the two poems there are deaths at the end. The reason being they have witnessed the things that were happening and they were not wanted to do that. Both victims thought what was happening was wrong, although none of them would speak out about it. And in both the poems the witnesses waited for their death to come, almost expecting it. In the poems they are also both LAST to die, this may be because all the other people have been killed and now they need to kill the witness, or person who does not agree with what has been done. Also tension is built up very well in both poems too. In the way the poems were written, their tenses made the poems build up tension. But there were also quite a few differences between the poems The poem . 38 starts straight into the violent stage where as in the hangman it starts off where the hangman comes into town. Also in the hangman the killings are official and legal where as the violence in the poem . 38 is illegal. The . 38 is a domestic violence poem where as the hangman is a poem set in public in front of everybody, it is frowned upon but cannot be stopped. Also when the hangman is about to hang people they do not make a struggle because they know that it is allowed where as in the other poem the women struggles and tries to escape harm sadly unsuccessfully. The poem . 38 is so much more dramatic than the hangman and in the hangman it Is accepted by the people that it is his job to take lives although they think it is wrong. Where as in .38 its totally unacceptable what is happening. Also the poem .38 is set on modern times where as The Hangman is set in an older time period. One more difference is that in .38 it is written in present tense where as in The hangman it jumps from present to past all the way through. I think the two poems are written to tell us that we need to speak out our views and opinions. The poems both involve violence and deaths that shouldnt happen because its not fair to take lives. I feel that the poems are saying that even in the times of hangmen rite up until recently there is still violence and death which shouldnt go on and that somebody needs to speak out about it before it gets too late. I think the poem is particularly effective in the way they described the events the poets wrote these poems with great thought to be effective and make the reader get involved and understand.